要旨：In this paper, the effects of transportation costs on agglomeration economy and dynamics of industrial location are examined empirically. Combining a spatial demand function derived in the theoretical New Economic Geography (NEG) literature, Krugman (1980), Fujita, Krugman and Venables (1999) and others, with a production function, I propose a revenue production function, which captures the effects of transportation costs on firm's revenue. The suggested revenue production function makes it possible to relate the geographic agglomeration economy with the transportation costs, something not done in previous empirical studies. Two empirical examination of the model with regional panel data of manufacturing sector in Japan are performed. First, I estimate the revenue production function including parameters for transportation costs of each industry. The results show significantly positive transportation costs of the manufacturing products but the transportation costs of the outputs of the primary sector and service sector are not significantly positive. Second, using the first stage results, I estimate the dynamic determinants of industrial location. The results show regional net entry in Japan had been mainly determined by the costs of intermediate inputs (price index) rather than the demand condition and the costs of labor inputs (wage rates).

要旨：This paper develops an endogenous growth model with two countries in which international trade of differentiated goods requires trade costs and equilibrium wages in two countries are different. If the labor productivity in agriculture sector in the large market country is higher than the small market country, the wage in the large market country is higher than the small market country. In this model there is a case in which the small market country has higher share of number of manufacturing firms than the larger market country and the innovation sector locates in the small market country, since the cost for production of manufacturing sector and innovation sector is higher in the large market country than the small market country. Firstly when trade costs are high, share of number of manufacturing firms in large market country increases as decline in trade costs. But next the share decreases with decline in trade costs when trade costs are low. Finally all firms agglomerate in the small (and lower production cost) country. As innovation sector, if trade costs are very high, it is located in the small market country. If trade costs take intermediate values, it locates in the large market country. If trade costs become very lower, it locates again in the small market country. Growth rate moves non-monotonous as W shaped with reduction in trade costs. Because it is affected by the share of manufacturing firms and the location of innovation sector.

【応用ミクロ経済学（産業組織・国際開発）ワークショップと共催】

要旨：We develop a two-country (North and South), two-good, general equilibrium model of international trade in goods and explore the effects of domestic and international emission trading under free trade in goods. Emission trading may deteriorate global environment. Whereas domestic emission trading under free trade in goods may result in carbon leakage by expanding South's production of the emission-intensive good, international emission trading may induce North to expand the production of the emission-intensive good by importing emission permits. International emission trading may not benefit both countries.

要旨：In this paper, we develop a two-country model of monopolistic competition with quality differentiation and examine the relationship between the bilateral trade structure and international technology spillovers. We show that bilateral trade patterns and the extent of technology spillovers will change, depending on the technology gap between two countries. We then test predictions of the model by using bilateral trade data among 44 countries and patent citation data at the U.S., European, and Japanese Patent Offices. We use patent citations as a proxy for spillovers of technological knowledge. Trade patterns are categorized into three types: one-way trade (OWT), horizontal intra-industry trade (HIIT), and vertical intra-industry trade (VIIT). Each of OWT and VIIT is further divided into two sub-categories, based on the direction of trade. We find that intra-industry trade plays a significant role in technology spillovers. In particular, HIIT is associated with larger technology spillovers than VIIT.

要旨：本稿は、東京都が 1998年、2003年、2008年に公表した『地震に関する地域危険度測定調査報告書』から得られる地震危険度の相対的な指標と、当該報告書が公表された直後の東京都内の地価公示データを用いながら、地震危険度の変化が相対地価（各時点の平均地価からの乖離率）に及ぼす影響について計測し、以下の結論を得ている。（1）地震危険度が低下する場合と上昇する場合では、地価形成に与える影響は非対称である。（2）安全な地域では、地震危険度が低下して相対地価が上昇する変化率の方が、地震危険度が上昇して相対地価が下落する変化率よりも大きい。（3）危険な地域では、地震危険度が上昇して相対地価が大きく下落する一方、地震危険度の低下については相対地価がほとんど上昇しない。本稿では、プロスペクト理論に沿ってこれらのファインディングを①ゼロリスク指向と②現状維持バイアスの証左として解釈するとともに、その政策インプリケーションを考察している。

要旨：This paper analyzes tariff competition with strategic interaction among firms which are freely mobile across national boundaries. High transport costs yield a geographic dispersion of industry, whereas sufficiently low transport costs result in a core-periphery location where no one bears tariff burdens. In any cases, the equilibrium of non-cooperative competition must be inefficient. The economy has only to enforce a weak international trade agreement to establish global efficiency.

要旨：これまでの施設配置モデル、一時点での最適化手法が用いられてきた。しかし、限られた財政制約、さらには人口増加や人口減少時代では時間とともに社会状況が変化するわけで、このような配置は現実的では無い。そのため、時間軸に沿って最適化を行う、欲張り法やけちけち法といった逐次最適化手法が必要となる。本発表では、これら近視眼的施設配置モデルについて、俯瞰的な視点からその効率性評価する。特に、茨城県の現実の施設や人口分布を用いた実証例による評価、劣モジュラ性に着目した理論的評価を提示した。

要旨：本報告の目的は、20世紀の京都市における居住地域構造の長期的な変化を分析し、その変化の要因を、京都市を取り巻く社会的、経済的背景との関連性から明らかにすることである。分析の対象とする時期は、資料として得られる小地域統計の都合上、1911年、1965年、2005年の3時点とし、各時点における京都市域を対象地域とした。まず、小地域統計から作成した3時点の居住者特性に基づき類型化を行ない、それぞれの類型の空間的な分布を比較し、20世紀の京都市における居住地域構造の変化を検討した。居住地域構造の変化に関する要因を議論した結果、20世紀における居住地域構造の変化は、次のようにまとめられた。20世紀初頭の京都市における居住地域構造は、旧市街地における近世末以来の大商人・職人による居住地域構造に、近代になって生じた大学・官公庁、工場労働者による構造が付加されたものであった。20世紀前半には、日本の他の大都市とは異なり、戦災の影響が小さく、旧市街地内の居住地域構造はおおよそ維持された。旧市街地の周辺では、旧市街地内の居住地域構造が、用途地域規制の影響下で外側に拡大した。20世紀後半の京都市では、工場の郊外移転や脱工業化の流れという全国的な動向のなかで、ブルーカラー層の割合が減少した。旧市街地内では、高齢化や町家の減少、マンションの供給が進み、学生やホワイトカラー層の単身者が目立つようになり、入り組んだ居住地域構造をなすようになった。旧市街地の周辺では、大学の移転や拡張にともなって学生など若年層が進出し、さらに周辺では、ホワイトカラー層の核家族の割合も高まった。

要旨：In this paper, we examine firms' outsourcing decisions in a framework of buyer-supplier match, in an attempt to understand the mechanism behind an observed positive relationship between outsourcing and market size. By estimating structural parameters, we test to what extent the costs of market transaction could be reduced in thicker markets and therefore increases firms' likelihood to outsource, even after controlling for the effect of scale economy on outsourcing. To do so, we use the data of the U.S. credit unions' decisions of outsourcing data-processing, together with information on matches between credit unions and IT vendors. In our model, credit unions' outsourcing decisions are interrelated, because each credit union's decision affects the degree of scale economy at vendors. We adopt a matching estimator proposed by Fox (2009), which allows us to estimate a matching function without price information. The estimated model allows us to perform a counterfactual analyses to show the effect of market thickness through transaction costs and that through scale economies separately.