Urban Economics Workshop
Venue: Room 106, Institute of Economic Research, Kyoto University
Contact:
Tomoya Mori (Kyoto University)
Minoru Osawa (Kyoto University) [HP]
Tomohiro Machikita (Kyoto University) [HP]
Se-il Mun (Doshisha University) [HP]
Kakuya Matsushima (Kyoto University) [HP]
Kazuhiro Yamamoto (Osaka University)
Miwa Matsuo (Kobe University) [HP]
Category
Date
Title
Presenter/Location
Details
2006/07/07 Fri
15:00〜16:30
15:00〜16:30
Spatial wage disparities: sorting matters!
Pierre-Philippe Combes(GREQAM, University of Aix Marseille)
京都大学経済研究所本館1階 第二共同研究室
要旨:Spatial wage disparities can result from spatial differences in the skill composition of the workforce, in non-human endowments, and in local interactions. To distinguish between these explanations, we estimate a model of wage determination across local labour markets using a very large panel of French workers. We control for worker characteristics, worker fixed effects, industry fixed effects, and the characteristics of the local labour market. Our findings suggest that individual skills account for a large fraction of existing spatial wage disparities with strong evidence of spatial sorting by skills. Interaction effects are mostly driven by the local density of employment. Not controlling for worker heterogeneity leads to very biased estimates of interaction effects. Endowments only appear to play a small role.
2006/05/26 Fri
16:30〜18:00
16:30〜18:00
Economic development capitalizing on brand agriculture: turning the development strategy on its head
藤田昌久(京都大学)
京都大学経済研究所本館1階 第二共同研究室
要旨:Challenging the common literature of economic growth and development that tends to assign the agrarian sector the backseat, Fujita's paper seeks to move agriculture and rural development to the forefront through a community- based strategy to cause major innovation dynamics and human capital accumulation to occur. From the viewpoint of spatial economics and endogenous growth theory, this paper considers One Village One Product Movement and Michino Eki initiatives in Japan as rural development strategies of a broader nature based on "brand agriculture," with special attention given to the role of various types of infrastructure. Both initiatives have attracted widespread attention in many developing countries as potential tools for bridging the gap between cities and rural areas. The paper concludes with a discussion for successful promotion and implementation of brand agriculture programs in developing countries.
2006/05/26 Fri
15:00〜16:30
15:00〜16:30
中心市街地・商店街の衰退と新たな「まちの機能」の担い手について―商店街による七夕祭りの衰退と工夫の比較研究―
丸谷浩明(京都大学)
京都大学経済研究所本館1階 第二共同研究室
要旨:中心市街地やそこに存在する商店街は、従来、まちの顔、賑わい、出会いの場、治安など、さまざまな機能を似ない、これは外部経済効果を有するものであった。近年の中心市街地の衰退により、この貴重な機能を担うことが難しくなっており、それを、市民、ボランティア、他地域企業などの新たな担い手が代わりに担う努力をしなければ、地域全体の損失となる。具体例として旧清水市の七夕を取り上げ、各地の七夕との比較しながら議論する。
2006/04/28 Fri
16:00〜18:00
16:00〜18:00
製造業中小企業の分析から見る京都の産業クラスターとしての発展の課題―平成17年度産業クラスター研究報告書より―
児玉俊洋(京都大学)
京都大学経済研究所本館1階 第二共同研究室
要旨:京都には、ハイテク有名大企業と産学連携に積極的な大学の集積があるが、中小企業には産業クラスター(産業集積の中に産学連携や新製品開発目的の企業間連携が発達したものとして定義)形成の担い手となりうる企業はどのくらい存在するであろうか?本報告では、「平成15年度京都市ものづくり産業調査」の個票データを用い、首都圏西部のTAMA地域に見られる製品開発型中小企業との比較も踏まえ、京都市の機械金属系製造業の中小企業の研究開発や産学連携に関する分析結果を紹介し、京都が産業クラスターとして発展するための課題を検討する。なお、本報告は、平成17年度に独立行政法人経済産業研究所から京都大学への委託事業として作成した「産業クラスターに関する研究事業に係る調査研究報告書」を活用して行う。
2006/04/14 Fri
16:30〜18:00
16:30〜18:00
Three-region model of industrial specialization and trade
井村美根(京都大学)
京都大学経済研究所本館1階 第二共同研究室
要旨:The purpose of this paper is to examine how the transportation costs of final good and intermediate goods influence on the location of firms. We develop a three-region model in which the production of final good requires differentiated intermediate goods. Although a region provides lower labor cost, when the transportation cost of intermediate goods is high, no firms relocates to that region. However, as the transportation costs of intermediate goods becomes lower, firms in the final good sector relocate to that region and launch assembly production with intermediate goods imported from the other region.
2006/04/14 Fri
15:00〜16:30
15:00〜16:30
An economic analysis of municipal consolidation with heterogeneous preference
寺地祐介(京都大学・院)
京都大学経済研究所本館1階 第二共同研究室
要旨:This paper studies the conditions for the consolidation of political jurisdictions. We focus on the tradeoff between the scale merit and the heterogeneity of preference among residents. That is, large jurisdictions enjoy the benefit of scale but must incur the cost due to the increment of heterogeneity among their populations. In addition to this, the land public ownership yields the strategic interaction: the agreement of the consolidation of some towns induce the consolidation of remaining towns. Our model implies that i) the consolidation might be too much observed under the decentralized regime; ii) observed number of the consolidation might be inefficiently large.
2006/03/24 Fri
16:30〜18:00
16:30〜18:00
Economic geography and the strategic provision of public infrastructure
近藤広紀(信州大学)
京都大学経済研究所本館1階 第二共同研究室
要旨:We construct a framework in which public infrastructures that reduce transportation costs are explicitly introduced in new economic geography models in which the sectors with vertical linkages are concentrated in a limited number of countries. Using this framework, we consider the outcome of the public-infrastructure-provision games by welfare-maximizing governments. In the model, a pure strategy Nash equilibrium does not necessarily exist. We show that there exists a mixed strategy Nash equilibrium in which the public infrastructure investments by a country lacking a sector with vertical linkage have much larger variance than those by a country hosting the sector. The less industrialized country has the incentive to outlay tremendous amounts of public infrastructure investment to attract the sector within its own borders. Consequently, the relocation of an industry with vertical linkage can occur with a small but definitely positive probability.
2006/03/24 Fri
15:00〜16:30
15:00〜16:30
Home bias for intermediate and finished goods: Evidence from East Asia
早川和伸(慶応義塾大学)
京都大学経済研究所本館1階 第二共同研究室
要旨:In East Asia, international production/distribution networks have developed and have explosively increased intra-regional trade particularly in intermediate goods. This paper examines whether home bias for intermediate goods gets smaller than that for finished goods in the 1990s. Our findings are summarized as follows. First, differences in location advantages, for which we use differences in per capita GDP as a proxy, are more effectively utilized in intermediate goods transactions. Second, the home bias for intermediate goods has been at the same level as that for finished goods. Particularly in 1995, the home bias in all countries is not smaller for intermediate goods than for finished goods.
2006/03/03 Fri
16:30〜18:00
16:30〜18:00
Geographic concentration of manufacturing industries in Japan: Testing hypotheses of new economic geography
秋田隆裕(国際大学)
京都大学経済研究所本館1階 第二共同研究室
要旨:This paper investigates the changing geographical pattern of manufacturing industries in Japan between 1985 and 1995 and explores factors of their geographic concentration. A regression analysis is conducted to test some hypotheses that are derived directly from early models of the New Economic Geography (NEG). Regression results indicate that the geographic concentration of Japanese manufacturing industries seems to be determined by some combination of internal economies of scale, transportation costs, and factor intensity. However, inter-industry linkages are found to be an insignificant factor of geographic concentration. As posited by the NEG theories, Japanese manufacturing industries with larger internal economies of scale and smaller unit transportation costs tend to have a higher level of geographic concentration. Japanese manufacturing data also support the Heckscher-Ohlin theory: labor- or capital-intensive industries tend to have a higher level of geographic concentration.
2006/03/03 Fri
15:00〜16:30
15:00〜16:30
中心地理論の新経済地理学モデル(J.-F. Thisseと共著)
田渕隆俊(東京大学)
京都大学経済研究所本館1階 第二共同研究室