要旨：本論文では、地価への空間自己相関モデルの適用を例に、空間構造の近接行列による特定化について検討した。特に空間的に双方向的な相互依存関係ではなく、(時系列分析に類似した) 一方向的な影響を表現した方が適合性が高い場合があるを確認した。空間的依存関係はごく一般的に存在すると推測される一方、計量経済学的分析において空間自己相関モデルが採用されることは多くない。本論文の結果は、その原因の一つとして従来の研究での相互依存の仮定が強すぎたという可能性があることを示唆している。

要旨：How is long run economic growth related to the diversity of knowledge? We formulate and study a microeconomic model of knowledge creation, through the interactions among a group of R & D workers, embedded in a growth model to address this question. Income to these workers accrues as patent income, whereas transmission of newly created knowledge to all such workers occurs due to public transmission of patent information. Our model incorporates two key aspects of the cooperative process of knowledge creation: (i) heterogeneity of people in their state of knowledge is essential for successful cooperation in the joint creation of new ideas, while (ii) the very process of cooperative knowledge creation affects the heterogeneity of people through the accumulation of knowledge in common. The model features myopic R & D workers in a pure externality model of interaction. Surprisingly, in the general case for a large set of initial conditions we find that the equilibrium process of knowledge creation converges to the most productive state, where the population splits into smaller groups of optimal size; close interaction takes place within each group only. Equilibrium paths are found analytically. Long run economic growth is positively related to both the effectiveness of pairwise R & D worker interaction and to the effectiveness of public knowledge transmission. If we define efficiency constrained by the monopolistic competition environment for consumption goods, our equilibrium paths are constrained efficient.

【応用ミクロ経済学・産業経済学ワークショップと共催】

要旨：We propose a novel long-term migration dynamics that can overcome the equilibrium indeterminacy of Core-Periphery (CP) model a la Krugman [1991b]. This goal is achieved by introducing uncertainty of economic environment into CP model with forward-looking migration dynamics. We show that an equilibrium path of migration dynamics can be uniquely determined in accordance with each stochastic sample path.

要旨：In this paper, we focus on the impacts of trade on workers' skill formation and wage structure in the presence of heterogeneous workers. As unskilled, workers are identical in their productivity. If workers train himself / herself, he/she becomes a skilled worker. We assume that workers are heterogeneous in their training costs. With above settings, we show that trade openness enhances skill formation and raises the real wage disparity between skilled and unskilled workers though it makes welfare of all agents better off. In addition, trade openness leads to rises in income inequality in some parameter ranges. Finally, we show that compared to export, FDI enhances skill formation, when the fixed costs for FDI is small, or the number of trade partner countries is large, or transport costs of manufactured goods are high.

要旨：We analyze wholesale pricing and retail pricing when a monopolistic manufacturer sells its product to conventional retailer and electronic retailer. As a result we show wholesale price discrimination between conventional retailer and electronic retailer. This reason is that a monopolistic manufacturer wants retailers to compete heavily in the retail market and a monopolistic manufacturer charges higher wholesale price to the retailer having an advantage in the retail market. This behavior of a monopolistic manufacturer distorts a fair retailers' competition and we also show that social welfare is improved at most cases if the government regulates wholesale price discrimination.

要旨：In this paper, we examine the existence of agglomeration economies on production in the Japanese manufacturing industry using plant-level 4-digit SIC data and new agglomeration and co-agglomeration indices for 1985, 90, 95, and 2000. This agglomeration and co-agglomeration indices are calculated in Tokunaga and Akune (2004, 2005), and Tokunaga, Kageyama, and Akune (2005), based on Ellison and Glaeser (1997). Using a flexible translog production function and cost share equation as suggested by Kim (1992), we found that positive agglomeration economies on production in the Japanese manufacturing industry exist in absence of any restriction on homotheticity.