要旨：Openness of economy may or may not accelerate decentralization. We setup a new formal model which captures the essence of the nexus of openness and decentralization where interaction between openness and regional disparity is highlighted. We then empirically examine the effects of openness on decentralization, and especially, validate propositions implied by our theoretical analysis.

要旨：This study explores the antecedents of the spatial variation in market entry rates and extends the density dependence model by relaxing its assumption regarding firm heterogeneity. We argue that market entry is an outcome of new entrants' efforts to resolve competition and uncertainty problems, we theorize and demonstrate interrelatedness between organizational density and market crowding. Using panel data from the Tokyo hotel industry, our analysis not only supports the density dependence model and builds on it by demonstrating that new market entry is more likely to occur when market crowding is low and density is high or density is low and crowding is high.

要旨：This paper investigates the impacts of capital mobility and tax competition in a setting with imperfect matching between firms and workers. The small country always gains and the large country always loses from tax competition, thus implying tax competition leads to redistribution from the large to the small country. However, the large country always attains a higher utility than does the small country. These results imply that our model encapsulates both the "importance of being small" as well as the "importance of being large". We also show that tax harmonization leads to redistribution from the large to the small country.

要旨：This study is intended to examine the effects of environmental policies on employment, the use of polluting goods, and the unemployment rate under a model introducing trans-boundary pollution affecting the productivity of the other productive sectors. That model was designed by Copeland and Taylor [5], transformed into a dualistic economy model, as constructed by Harris and Todaro [10]. Results of our analyses show that reinforcement of environmental policy through control of emissions taxes does not necessarily worsen unemployment in the urban area. Therefore, we show that it is no usually proper to maintain that some environmental pollution can not be avoided to establish economic development.

【ミクロ経済学・ゲーム理論研究会と共催】 要旨：We develop a two-country model of capital tax competition in which firms choose both their location and their number of plants. When firms operate only a single plant, capital is subsidized in equilibrium and firms' profits after subsidy are increasing in subsidies. In the presence of multinational firms capital may, on the contrary, be taxed in equilibrium, provided that being multinational generates sufficient rents. Further, firms' profits after subsidies are decreasing in subsidies due to the pro-competitive effects of more firms 'going multinational'. This pro-competitive effect can give rise to multiple equilibria, one of which may be a 'subsidy trap' characterized by too many multinationals, high subsidies, and low welfare.

要旨：近年、GISで利用可能な空間データはその質量とも、急速に充実しつつある。特に空間現象の時系列的な変化を記述する時空間データについては、様々な種類のものが利用可能になってきている。国勢調査、事業所統計調査、LANDSAT画像など、これまで長く研究に用いられてきたデータに加え、タウンページデータ、IKONOSなどの超高解像度衛星画像データ、レーザーによるトラッキングデータなど、新しいデータ取得技術によって得られる時空間データが現在では比較的容易に入手可能である。しかしながら、このような新たな時空間データを分析するための手法は未だ限定的にしか存在せず、データの有効な利用がなされているとは言い難い。そこでここでは、時空間データの利用可能性とその分析方法について、実例を交えながら広く論ずる。

要旨：橘木らによって提起された所得格差論争では、所得再配分調査や全国消費実態調査などの全国値がもとになっており、地域間の所得格差が全く考慮されていないか、都道府県単位の言及にとどまっている。 本報告では、1983～2003年住宅・土地統計調査のデータを用いて、バブル期前後の東京大都市圏と京阪神大都市圏における距離帯別所得分布を検討し、所得格差から見た都市圏の空間構造の変化を明らかにする。

要旨：地域的なイノベーションのメカニズムとして有効な産業クラスターの形成を図る上で、どの点に注目したら良いであろうか。本稿は、企業、大学など様々な構成員の中で、製品化、事業化の担い手である企業に注目する。中でも、地域性のある存在として中小企業に注目して、どのような中小企業に注目することが産業クラスターの形成に有効であるかを考察する。その方法としては、「産業クラスター計画」の先進事例として位置づけられているTAMAを事例として、同地域の企業アンケート調査から得られたデータによる計量分析に基づいて、「製品開発型中小企業が、産学連携及び企業間連携（ 新技術・新製品の開発を目的とするもの）を有効に活用しており、従って、産業クラスター形成の有力な担い手となりうる」ことを検証する。あわせて、産学連携、大企業と中小企業の連携、中小企業間の連携の機能の比較を行う。

要旨：It is often argued, though mostly informally, that outward foreign direct investment (FDI) is a synonym for the export of employment and thus detrimental to the home economy. To see whether and under what conditions this intuition indeed holds true, we construct a model of unionized duopoly and examine welfare implications of outward FDI on the home country. It is found that the presence of domestic competition gives rise to effects which have critical bearings on social welfare. There are two main findings. First, due to strategic interactions between the unions, the welfare effect of FDI can be negative, even when we disregard the fixed cost of FDI. Second, this negative effect arises more at the expense of consumers, rather than the unions: in fact, quite contrary to the popular belief, FDI may actually benefit the unions because it serves to soften price competition between them. The analysis reveals that the welfare effect of outward FDI hinges critically on the nature of domestic competition, especially among input suppliers, and their bargaining power against their respective downstream producers.

要旨：This paper examines how the decline of communication costs between management and production facilities within firms and the decrease in trade costs of manufactured goods affect the spatial organization of a two-region economy with multi-unit・multi-plant firms. The development of information technology decreases the costs of communication and trade costs. Thus, the fragmentation of firms is promoted. Our result indicates that, with decreasing communication costs, firms producing low trade-cost goods (such as electronics products) tend to concentrate their manufacturing plants in low wage countries. In contrast, firms producing high trade-cost products (such as automobiles) tend to have multiple plants serving to segmented markets, even in the absence of wage differentials.