要旨：This paper investigates whether agglomeration discourages households’ fertility decision making. A theoretical prediction shows that higher costs of education and housing for rearing children in denser areas have negative effects on fertility. In an empirical analysis, we exploit social survey data to control for households’ unobservable characteristics. Furthermore, we control for costs of migration, which also discourages fertility. We offer robust evidence that agglomeration measured by population density discourages fertility. We also find that rural-urban migrants have fewer children than stayers in rural and urban areas, suggesting that households who move to urban areas are strongly affected by costs arising from not only agglomeration but also migration. On the other hand, there is no significant difference in the number of children between urban-rural migrants and stayers in urban and rural areas.

【応用ミクロ経済学ワークショップと共催】

【応用ミクロ経済学ワークショップと共催】

【応用ミクロ経済学ワークショップと共催】 要旨：Agglomeration can be caused by asymmetric information and a locational signaling effect: The location choice of workers signals their productivity to potential employers. The cost of a signal is the cost of housing at that location. When workers' marginal willingness to pay for housing is negatively correlated with their productivity, only the core-periphery (partially stratified) equilibria are stable. When workers' marginal willingness to pay for housing and their productivity are positively correlated, there is no core-periphery equilibrium. The urban wage premium is explained when there is core-periphery equilibrium. Furthermore, location can at best be an approximate rather than a precise sieve for high-skill workers.

要旨：This study investigates how the structure of a supply chain network in the domestic market influences the FDI decision of firms embedded in the network. We first describe the binary choice of firms of whether to invest or not through a coordination game of a fixed network with incomplete information on the firms' profits, and we show the unique equilibrium of the game is represented by the Katz-Bonacich centrality measure, which captures both direct and indirect effects of the network. Then, we also conduct empirical tests to verify our theoretical hypothesis with large disaggregated data of Japanese firms and confirm that the Katz-Bonacich centrality of each firm has a significantly positive effect on its FDI even when sector-specific fixed effects and other attributes are controlled for, as our theory anticipated.

要旨：本研究は、交通インフラの容量が天候等に起因する交通条件の不確実性に直面する場合に、交通インフラへの投資額が建設後の混雑税収入によって調達可能かどうかについて考察する。我々は、悪条件下で使用不可能な不確実なインフラと、交通条件に関わらず使用可能な確実なインフラの2種類を考え、それぞれがインフラ容量と交通量についてゼロ次同次の交通費用をもたらすと仮定する。政府が交通環境に応じて各インフラの混雑税を調整可能な時、異なる条件下での限界資源価値の 違いが生じるならば、それぞれのインフラから徴収される期待混雑税は、それぞれのインフラに対する社会的最適な投資額とは一致しないことが示された。また、線型の輸送費関数及び、交通と合成財の交叉微分がゼロとなる仮定を与えた場合、交通と合成財が補完財であれば不確実なインフラの混雑税収入の一部を確実なインフラへの投資の補助に用いることが望ましく、また代替財であればこの資金の流れは逆転するが、いずれの場合においても交通部門全体の総インフラ投資は混雑税収入を上回ることが示された。