要旨：Unlike most of the theoretical researches on economic geography, I assume consumers do not necessarily have access to all the varieties in the market, which motivates firms to compete one another for acquiring customers, and investigate the effects of such competition on economic geography. I first extend the general equilibrium model of monopolistic competition in the closed economy by assuming consumers’ limited access to varieties, and then apply it to the model with two regions. I show (1) the core region enjoys more varieties than the periphery, and (2) economic activities may disperse even at low trade costs when the competition for attention is fierce.

【国際経済学セミナーと共催】
要旨：This paper examines the impact of temperature changes on rural-urban migration using a 56km×56km grid cell level dataset covering the whole world at 10-year frequency during the period 1970-2000. We find that rising temperatures reduce rural-urban migration in poor countries and increase such migration in middle-income countries. These asymmetric migration responses are consistent with a simple model where rural-urban earnings differentials and liquidity constraints interact to determine rural-to-urban migration flows. We also confirm these temperature effects using country-level observations constructed by aggregating the grid cell level data. We project that expected warming in the next century will encourage further urbanization in middle-income countries such as Argentina, but it will slow down urban transition in poor countries like Malawi and Niger.

要旨：This paper investigates unit-level monthly dynamics of housing rents through periods of tenancy and vacancy, using a unique panel of rental units in Tokyo through 1996-2017. We find that (i) consistent overall rent stickiness is attributable to the small extensive margin (limited adjustment opportunity) and small intensive margin (rare adjustment at contract renewal stages); (ii) expanded rent gaps from market level during tenancies become small during vacancies; and (iii) rents exhibit time/state dependence during both tenancies and vacancies, while a specific relationship between a long-term tenant and an owner results in a discount during the tenancy.

AY2018

Program