要旨：This paper argues that currently advanced, aging economies experienced a qualitative change in the role of public education during the process of industrialization. In the early stages of the Industrial Revolution, public education was regarded as a duty that regulated child labor and thereby discouraged childbirth. As these economies developed and the population aged, younger generations came to view public education as a right, whereas older generations desirous of other public services became more politically influential. The eventual policy bias in favor of the elderly placed a heavier education burden on the young, inducing them to have fewer children. This vicious cycle between population aging and the undersupply of public education may have decelerated economic growth in the last few decades.

要旨：Using a model with a fixed cost of regional development, this paper considers how capital tax competition affects transfer and development policies in the presence of regional income disparity. In each country, development policies determine the number of rich (poor) regions that (do not) engage in production activities while transfer policies redistribute income between rich and poor regions. It is shown that the mix of transfer and development policies, as well as the overall expenditure level, is inefficient under tax competition. Since capital tax distortion causes competing governments to overvalue the benefit of regional development, too much tax revenue is spent on development policies and too little on transfer policies. As a result, development policies are used as a means of regional redistribution even if transfer policies are efficient instruments for this purpose.

要旨：We analyze the impact of globalization on individual gains from trade in a general equilibrium model of monopolistic competition featuring income heterogeneity between and within countries. We disentangle two key channels through which trade affects welfare: product diversity and pro-competitive effects. We then show that, although trade always reduces the price-wage ratios in both countries, its impact on variety depends on their relative position in the world income distribution: the choice set in the low income country always expands, while that in the high income country may shrink. When the latter occurs, the richer consumers in the high income country may lose from trade because the relative importance of product diversity versus purchasing power increases with income. To illustrate the quantitative effects, we calibrate the model on the U.S. income distribution and show that U.S. trade with countries of similar GDP per capita makes all agents in both countries better off; whereas trade with larger countries having lower GDP per capita may adversely affect the richest 12-20% of the U.S. population.

【応用ミクロ経済学・産業経済学ワークショップと共催】 要旨：To alleviate congestion and facilitate Asia-Pacific trade the federal and western provincial governments have launched several major transportation infrastructure investments. This paper addresses some public policy issues regarding infrastructure investments of this type. Does the private sector have incentives to make efficient investments and to impose efficient congestion charges? What about local governments? Are subsidies warranted either for investments or for ongoing operations and maintenance of infrastructure? Should governments pursue strategic trade objectives? Do existing institutions, governance structures and regulations facilitate appropriate decisions? Some dangers of making wrong investment decisions are identified.

【応用ミクロ経済学・産業経済学ワークショップと共催】 要旨：We analyze agents' strategic interaction of investment in security and bilateral partnership among them. Each agent confronts with a risk of suffering damage from troubles and disasters such as natural disaster and terrorism. To deal with them, agents have a choice to have investment in pre-disaster phase and partnerships of post-disaster recovery activity. We examine efficient and stable investment in security and partnership network in the game and tension between efficiency and stability. We also compare payoffs of stable networks if multiple networks are stable.

要旨：本研究では、事前・事後割引料金システムの経済厚生を比較する。事前割引料金システムでは、実際の交通サービスの利用に先立って、サービス対価の支払い額が確定している。一方、事後割引料金システムでは、事前に料金メニューのみが提示され、家計のサービス行動に応じて料金が事後的に決定される。このように、事前・事後割引料金システムでは家計と企業のリスク分担構造が異なる。本研究では、以上のリスク分担構造を考慮した３期間モデルを定式化し、事前・事後割引料金システムが企業の利潤、家計の厚生に及ぼす影響を理論的に分析する。その結果、既存の料金システムを併存しつつ、新しく割引料金システムを導入する場合、事後割引料金システムの方が社会的厚生の観点から望ましい結果をもたらすことが明らかになった。