要旨：This paper proposes a new approach to estimate willingness-to-pay (WTP) for each attribute of alternatives. Our approach is based on a new conjoint-survey experiment design (Hainmueller, et., al. 2013) and empirical welfare-analysis (Bhattacharya 2015), which allows us to nonparametrically estimate the distribution of WTP without strong assumptions on individual preference. Moreover, if the utility is assumed as the quasi-linear form, the lower and upper bounds of the average WTP can be estimated with limited sample size. We illustrate our approach with the conjoint-survey data on Japanese young workers. Our estimation results show that they have higher WTP for working location, promotion opportunity, transfer, and over-time workings than other attributes.

要旨：Analysis of the urban agglomeration of economic activity has focused on its benefits for firm productivity. But the marginal-cost savings which agglomeration brings about also free up inputs that can be used to produce higher-quality goods, with their own profitability potential. We use plant-product-level data from Japanese manufacturing to examine agglomeration’s influences on product quality. Results confirm that quality does grow with regional market size, suggesting polices aimed at encouraging urban agglomeration improve competitiveness by raising product quality as well as productivity. Total factor productivity alone, therefore, underestimates agglomeration benefits by ignoring the quality incentives that accompany it.