要旨：In this paper, we examine firms' outsourcing decisions in a framework of buyer-supplier match, in an attempt to understand the mechanism behind an observed positive relationship between outsourcing and market size. By estimating structural parameters, we test to what extent the costs of market transaction could be reduced in thicker markets and therefore increases firms' likelihood to outsource, even after controlling for the effect of scale economy on outsourcing. To do so, we use the data of the U.S. credit unions' decisions of outsourcing data-processing, together with information on matches between credit unions and IT vendors. In our model, credit unions' outsourcing decisions are interrelated, because each credit union's decision affects the degree of scale economy at vendors. We adopt a matching estimator proposed by Fox (2009), which allows us to estimate a matching function without price information. The estimated model allows us to perform a counterfactual analyses to show the effect of market thickness through transaction costs and that through scale economies separately.

要旨：本研究は戦後日本の人口移動と経済成長の相互依存関係を分析するため、立地の最適決定を含む２地域の経済成長モデルを構築した。分析の結果、人口移動は日本全体、三大都市圏の一人当たり所得の成長率を加速させた一方、非三大都市圏のそれを減衰させたことが明らかになった。また、高い経済成長率は長期的には人口移動を加速させるが、短期的にはそうでないことが示され、クズネッツの経済成長と人口移動の関係についての仮説に非線形性があることが示唆された。その他、両者の関係を説明する上で産業構造の変化が重要であること、それに伴った移動費用の減少が世代間の不公平を生じさせうることが示唆された。