要旨：　Exclusion and shape restrictions are crucial for defining causal effects, understanding individual heterogeneity, and interpreting estimators in potential outcome models. This paper is concerned with characterizing the empirical content of such restrictions. To date, the testable implications of these restrictions have been studied on a case-by-case basis within a limited set of models. Using a novel graph-based representation of the model, we provide a systematic approach to deriving sharp testable implications of general support restrictions. We illustrate the proposed approach in simulations and an empirical application.

Abstract: We study a general doctors, hospitals and regions matching model with complex distributional constraints. Every hospital faces floor and ceiling constraints on the number of doctors, and every region which has several hospitals also faces its floor and ceiling constraints on the number of doctors. We examine how to assign doctors to hospitals and regions in an efficient, fair, stable, and strategy-proof way. We propose two mechanisms for finding such solutions, and examine their properties and policy implications.

*English follows Japanese.

＜Workshop on Search and Platform ご案内＞

日時：2025年7月8日（火）10:25 – 17:10
会場：京都大学経済研究所北館N101、N102（京都市左京区吉田本町 京都大学吉田キャンパス本部構内）
プログラムのURL：こちらをご参照ください。
参加費：無料
定員：50人
言語：英語 ≪同時通訳はありません≫
オーガナイザー：渡辺誠： CIGS 上席研究員

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よろしくお願いいたします。

南幸子
一般財団法人キヤノングローバル戦略研究所
〒100-6511　東京都千代田区丸の内1-5-1新丸の内ビルディング11F
TEL:03-6213-0550　FAX:03-3217-1251
minami.sachiko@canon-igs.org

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“The Workshop on Search and Platform”
Date: 2025, July 8th（Tuesday）10:25 – 17:10
Location: Room N101/N102, KIER North Building, Kyoto University, Yoshida hon-machi, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto, 606-8317
Details : Here is the URL to the agenda of the conference.
Participation Fee: Free
Capacity: 50 participants *The registration will be closed if we receive too many applications.
Organizer: Makoto Watanabe (CIGS senior researcher)

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If you wish to participate in this conference, please register through the following application form. (Application Deadline: June 30th)
https://forms.gle/uVbyTCsQtTXi6XQJ9

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If you want to change some items after your registration, please email us with the detailed information.

[CIGS Secretariat] (Reception hours: 9:00-17:30 on weekdays)
TEL: +81-3-6213-0550 (Representative)
Mail: minami.sachiko@canon-igs.org

【Paper】

Abstract: The technical change from steam engines to electric motors dramatically transformed manufacturing activities during the Second Industrial Revolution. This paper explores how this technical change progressed and what consequences it brought for the evolution of economic geography. I hypothesize that electric motors powered by purchased electricity lowered barriers to entry in the manufacturing sector due to their significantly lower fixed costs compared to steam engines. To examine this hypothesis, I exploit the historical expansion of electricity grids in early 20th-century Japan and newly digitized establishment-level official records, including information on power sources of establishments. Descriptive evidence shows that electric motors were widely adopted by establishments of all sizes, whereas steam engines were primarily adopted by large establishments, indicating lower fixed costs of electric motors. Using hydropower potential as an instrument, I document that new entrants played a crucial role in driving this technical change and stimulating manufacturing activities. Overall, these findings lend substantial support for the hypothesis. Furthermore, I find that regions with earlier electricity access experienced substantial population growth throughout the early 20th century and exhibit larger economic activity even in the 21st century. These findings suggest a persistent impact of this technological shock: the rapid increase in entrant activities generated agglomeration forces in manufacturing, with accumulated effects still visible in the spatial distribution of economic activity today.