要旨：空間データに関して、ゾーン設定が分析結果に影響を及ぼす問題は、可変単位地区問題（MAUP）と呼ばれる。MAUPによって空間統計モデルは、パラメータが有意とならなかったり、期待した符号が得られない場合がある。本研究は、空間集計行列を用いることによって、同一の分析対象地域に対してゾーン設定を変更した場合にも、安定したパラメータ推計値が得られる空間統計モデルを提案し、実証分析した結果を報告する。

要旨：In this paper, I construct a two-country general equilibrium model in which oligopolistic firms export goods and undertake cost-reducing R&D investment. Each country imposes tariffs. When the cost of education is sufficiently high, an increase in the tariff rate decreases the level of R&D investment. On the other hand, when the cost of education is sufficiently small, an increase in the tariff rate increases the level of R&D investment.

要旨：This paper analyzes the locations of heterogeneous firms, which are differentiated by indices in the industrial space, when communication externalities generate agglomeration economies. The benefit of a communication decreases as the industrial distance between two firms increases. An interregional communication requires travel cost while an intraregional communication requires no cost. There are also agglomeration diseconomies arising from rise in regional wage rate. We derive three types of stable equilibrium configurations: agglomeration, partial agglomeration, and dispersion. Multiple equilibria of agglomeration and dispersion may exist. Agglomeration is likely to occur when the degree of communication intensity and travel cost are large.

要旨：We examine network formation via bilateral trade agreement (BTA) among three symmetric countries. Each government decides the conclusion of a BTA depending on the differential of ex-post and ex-ante simple sum of real wages in the country. We model the governmental decision in two forms, myopic and farsighted and analyze the effects on the BTA network formation. Firstly, both myopic game and farsighted game never induce star networks as well as the empty network. Second, in most of the cases, the networks resulting from the myopic game coincide those resulting from the farsighted game, but there exist some cases where the two games yield distinct networks.

要旨：This paper argues that a variety of firm specificity supported by sophisticated inter-firm relationships is essential for understanding the mechanics and spatial structure of international production/distribution networks in East Asia. By mapping the two-dimensional fragmentation framework (Kimura and Ando (2005)) into geographical space, the paper proposes the concept of four layers of transactions in production/distribution networks: (i) local, (ii) sub-regional, (iii) regional, and (iv) the world. The concept effectively bridges geographical extensions of production/ distribution networks and the nature of transactions in terms of intra-firm vs. arm's-length as well as technological/managerial conditions. In addition, the paper discusses the implications of such geographical structure of production/distribution networks for technology transfers/spillovers from multinationals to local firms and claims its importance in new development strategies.

要旨：This paper provides the first credible evidence on the economic value of "green buildings" - derived from impersonal market transactions rather than engineering estimates. We analyze clusters of certified green and nearby buildings, establishing that "rated" buildings command substantially higher rents and selling prices than otherwise identical buildings. Variations in premiums are systematically related to energy-saving characteristics. Increased energy efficiency is associated with increased selling prices - beyond the premiums paid for a labeled building. Evidence suggests that the intangible effects of the label itself may also play a role in determining the values of green buildings in the marketplace.

要旨：This paper examines the extent of localization in the Japanese manufacturing industries by utilizing a unique firm-level dataset on geographic locations. Following the point-pattern approach proposed by Duranton and Overman (2005, Review of Economic Studies), we find the following. First, about a half of the Japan's manufacturing sectors are classified as localized and the number of localized industries is the largest for the distance level of 40 km or less. Second, several industries within textile mills products branch are among the most localized, which resembles the results in the UK and suggests the existence of common factors across countries for concentration of industrial activities. Third, the distribution of distances between entrant (exiting) firms and remaining firms is, in most industries, insignificantly different from the case in which they are randomly located. This indicates that most of the industries become neither localized nor dispersed over time.