要旨：We develop a distance-based approach to localized knowledge spillovers by incorporating the concept of control patents (Jaffe et al., 1993) and the construction of counterfactuals (Duranton and Overman, 2005), while using the data at the census place level. Unlike the existing literature, where the extent of localized knowledge spillovers is detected at the state or Metropolitan Statistical Area level, our approach captures cross-boundary knowledge spillovers. We revisit the recent debate by Thompson and Fox-Kean (2005) and Henderson et al. (2005) on the existence of localized knowledge spillovers, and find solid evidence supporting localization even when finer controls are used.

要旨：リーマンショック以降も経済の混乱は続いているが、とりわけ日本の経済は他国よりも回復が遅れている。日本では、選択と集中を合言葉に、事業を削ることによって厳しい経営環境に対応してきた。しかしそれは大企業中心の日本のイノベーションシステムが破壊されたことも意味する。基礎研究から事業化という伝統的イノベーションシステムはなくなり、今や複数の企業、あるいは大学・公的研究機関を巻き込まない限り、国際的競争に参加できない。本研究では、企業間の取引（ニーズ）と特許の発生（シーズ）に着目し、現在の日本の企業間イノベーションシステムがどのように構築されているかを分析した。データとして100万の企業をノードとし、それらにおける取引と特許の共同出願によるリンクからなる多重ネットワークを分析した。分析に、産業連関表、ERGモデル、ベイジアンネットワークの3つを用いた。

要旨：This paper studies the economic geography realized when consumers suffer from the problem of imperfect information concerning the characteristics of varieties sold in respective shopping areas. We verify that such imperfect information can be a source of a spatial agglomeration of economic activities. It is shown that only two categories of distribution patterns, the segregation and the full agglomeration, can be supported by an equilibrium. We characterize the conditions for each of them being supported by an equilibrium. Our results exhibit a remarkable resemblance to those of the conventional NEG models.

要旨：本研究では、供給量制約のある独占的サービス市場における事前割引料金システムの導入効果を理論的に分析する。事前割引システムは、サービス消費に対する不確実性と家計のサービス選好に対する異質性が存在する状況の下で、より大きな効用を持つ家計に優先的にサービスを割り当てるメカニズムを有することを指摘する。その上で、同質のサービスが供給される独占市場を対象とした市場均衡モデルを定式化し、事前割引料金システムの導入がもたらす経済便益を評価する。事前割引料金システムの導入により、独占企業の利潤、社会的厚生の双方は増加するが、家計の経済厚生は逆に減少することを明らかにする。さらに、家計の経済厚生低下を抑止するためには、料金規制が必要であることを指摘する。

要旨：In this paper, the effects of transportation costs on agglomeration economy and dynamics of industrial location are examined empirically. Combining a spatial demand function derived in the theoretical New Economic Geography (NEG) literature, Krugman (1980), Fujita, Krugman and Venables (1999) and others, with a production function, I propose a revenue production function, which captures the effects of transportation costs on firm's revenue. The suggested revenue production function makes it possible to relate the geographic agglomeration economy with the transportation costs, something not done in previous empirical studies. Two empirical examination of the model with regional panel data of manufacturing sector in Japan are performed. First, I estimate the revenue production function including parameters for transportation costs of each industry. The results show significantly positive transportation costs of the manufacturing products but the transportation costs of the outputs of the primary sector and service sector are not significantly positive. Second, using the first stage results, I estimate the dynamic determinants of industrial location. The results show regional net entry in Japan had been mainly determined by the costs of intermediate inputs (price index) rather than the demand condition and the costs of labor inputs (wage rates).

要旨：This paper develops an endogenous growth model with two countries in which international trade of differentiated goods requires trade costs and equilibrium wages in two countries are different. If the labor productivity in agriculture sector in the large market country is higher than the small market country, the wage in the large market country is higher than the small market country. In this model there is a case in which the small market country has higher share of number of manufacturing firms than the larger market country and the innovation sector locates in the small market country, since the cost for production of manufacturing sector and innovation sector is higher in the large market country than the small market country. Firstly when trade costs are high, share of number of manufacturing firms in large market country increases as decline in trade costs. But next the share decreases with decline in trade costs when trade costs are low. Finally all firms agglomerate in the small (and lower production cost) country. As innovation sector, if trade costs are very high, it is located in the small market country. If trade costs take intermediate values, it locates in the large market country. If trade costs become very lower, it locates again in the small market country. Growth rate moves non-monotonous as W shaped with reduction in trade costs. Because it is affected by the share of manufacturing firms and the location of innovation sector.

【応用ミクロ経済学（産業組織・国際開発）ワークショップと共催】

要旨：We develop a two-country (North and South), two-good, general equilibrium model of international trade in goods and explore the effects of domestic and international emission trading under free trade in goods. Emission trading may deteriorate global environment. Whereas domestic emission trading under free trade in goods may result in carbon leakage by expanding South's production of the emission-intensive good, international emission trading may induce North to expand the production of the emission-intensive good by importing emission permits. International emission trading may not benefit both countries.

要旨：In this paper, we develop a two-country model of monopolistic competition with quality differentiation and examine the relationship between the bilateral trade structure and international technology spillovers. We show that bilateral trade patterns and the extent of technology spillovers will change, depending on the technology gap between two countries. We then test predictions of the model by using bilateral trade data among 44 countries and patent citation data at the U.S., European, and Japanese Patent Offices. We use patent citations as a proxy for spillovers of technological knowledge. Trade patterns are categorized into three types: one-way trade (OWT), horizontal intra-industry trade (HIIT), and vertical intra-industry trade (VIIT). Each of OWT and VIIT is further divided into two sub-categories, based on the direction of trade. We find that intra-industry trade plays a significant role in technology spillovers. In particular, HIIT is associated with larger technology spillovers than VIIT.

要旨：本稿は、東京都が 1998年、2003年、2008年に公表した『地震に関する地域危険度測定調査報告書』から得られる地震危険度の相対的な指標と、当該報告書が公表された直後の東京都内の地価公示データを用いながら、地震危険度の変化が相対地価（各時点の平均地価からの乖離率）に及ぼす影響について計測し、以下の結論を得ている。（1）地震危険度が低下する場合と上昇する場合では、地価形成に与える影響は非対称である。（2）安全な地域では、地震危険度が低下して相対地価が上昇する変化率の方が、地震危険度が上昇して相対地価が下落する変化率よりも大きい。（3）危険な地域では、地震危険度が上昇して相対地価が大きく下落する一方、地震危険度の低下については相対地価がほとんど上昇しない。本稿では、プロスペクト理論に沿ってこれらのファインディングを①ゼロリスク指向と②現状維持バイアスの証左として解釈するとともに、その政策インプリケーションを考察している。